Reference

References, conversions, facts and links


1. Temperature conversion

When converting temperatures from one scale to another (Celsius, Fahrenheit, etc.), make sure to first check if they are anomalies.

To convert a temperature measurement, go to
convert-me.com/en/convert/temperature

However, when converting a temperature anomaly, i.e. a RISE or FALL compared to a long-term average, go to
convert-me.com/en/convert/temperature-inc

2. Sources

Sea surface temperature anomaly

Sea ice volume



Methane levels
http://methanetracker.org/(discontinued)

Sea surface temperatures and anomalies

Temperature, wind, more

Arctic sea ice


Key pages of things to watch
https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/the-mechanism.html
https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/threat.html
• PIOMAS VOLUME - ArctischePinguin
https://sites.google.com/site/arctischepinguin/
• PIOMAS graphs
https://sites.google.com/site/arctischepinguin/home/piomas
• PIOMAS VOLUME - University of Washington
PIOMAS Sea Ice volume
http://psc.apl.washington.edu/wordpress/research/projects/arctic-sea-ice-volume-anomaly/
• Arctic Sea Ice Graphs
https://sites.google.com/site/arcticseaicegraphs/
• Sea ice concentration maps (July 1st 2005-2012)
https://sites.google.com/site/arcticseaicegraphs/concentration-maps/sic0701
• Long-term graphs
https://sites.google.com/site/arcticseaicegraphs/longterm
• Arctic Sea Ice Blog
http://neven1.typepad.com
• Italian site:
http://cambiamentoclimatico.altervista.org/

Greenland
• Jason Box blog
http://meltfactor.org
• NSIDC Greenland Ice Sheet
http://nsidc.org/greenland-today/

Wildfires and smoke
• Wunderground
https://www.wunderground.com/wundermap/fire
• NASA satellite
https://lance.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/imagery/
https://lance.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/imagery/firemaps/small_current_firemap.jpg

3. Units of measurement

WEIGHT: How much is one Gt, or one Pg? Below is a table comparing different units of measurement.


Units of measurement
(tonnes versus grams)
Multiple  NameSymbol
  English           Multiple (SI)Name (SI)Symbol (SI)English(SI)
                                   100gramg  gram
                                    103kilogramKg  thousand g 
 100tonne     t1 tonne                    106megagramMg  million g 
 103kilotonne    kt1 thousand tonnes    109gigagramGg  billion g 
 106megatonne    Mt1 million tonnes        1012teragramT  trillion g 
 109gigatonne    Gt1 billion tonnes         1015petagramPg  quadrillion g
   1012teratonne    Tt1 trillion tonnes         1018exagramEgquintillion g
   1015petatonne    Pt1 quadrillion tonnes   1021zettagramZgsextillion g
   1018exatonne    Et1 quintillion tonnes    1024yottagramYgseptillion g

From: Sam Carana http://geo-engineering.blogspot.com/2011/06/earth-at-boiling-point.html
See below for an image of above table, from: http://methane-hydrates.blogspot.com/p/facts.html
See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_large_numbers
Below is an image converting different units of measurement, i.e. tonne and gram.

ALTITUDE: The conversion table below shows the altitude equivalents in feet, m and mb.
57,016 feet44,690 feet36,850 feet30,570 feet25,544 feet19,820 feet14,385 feet 8,368 feet1,916 feet
17,378 m13,621 m11,232 m  9,318 m  7,786 m  6,041 m  4,384 m 2,551 m   584 m
      74 mb    147 mb    218 mb     293 mb     367 mb     469 mb     586 mb    742 mb   945 mb

Below is the conversion table as an image:



4. Symbols, acronyms and abbreviations


AMM    Arctic Methane Management (see below)
BC black carbon (or soot)
C Carbon
CDR Carbon Dioxide Removal
CFC chlorofluorocarbon
CH4 methane (or natural gas) CH₄
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide CO₂
EMD Enhanced Methane Decomposition (see below)
EV electric vehicle
HFC hydrofluorocarbon also known as freon, with the subclass HCFC
HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon
H2O2 HOOH or hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ 
NO nitrogen monoxide (commonly known as nitric oxide)
NO2 nitrogen dioxide NO₂
NOX nitrogen oxides (NO and NO₂, which cause O₃, smog and acid rain)
N2O nitrous oxide N₂O 
O3 ozone  O₃
OH hydroxyl
PFC perfluorocarbon
SF6 sulphur hexafluoride SF₆
SRM Solar Radiation Management
OC volatile organic compound include CFCs, styrenelimonene and formaldehyde
WWS WWS energy or Wind, Water and Solar Energy (water includes hydro, wave, tidal and geothermal)
fractions       1½ 1⅓ 1⅔ 1¾ ½ ⅔ ¼ ¾ ⅕ ⅖ ⅗ ⅘ ⅙ ⅚ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ % ‰ ‱
degree          °C °F °
distance       km²
surface         km³
exponent      1¹ 1² 1³ 1⁴ 1⁵ 1⁶ 1⁷ 1⁸ 1⁹ 1¹⁰
about            ≈ ±
symbols       Æ, Ø, Å and ß ⍺ ⍵ Π
line              ━ _ - = ═
root             √ ∛ ∜
commas       ‘ ’ ‚ “ ” „ ‘ ’ “ ”
bulletpoints  • 
at                 @ @
emoticons  ☺ ♡ ♥
check mark ✓
arrows        ➛ ← →
star             ⋆ * ❋ ⁎
chemical     O₁ O₂ O₃ O₄ O₅ O₆ O₇ O₈ O₉ O₁₀

From: Comprehensive Plan of Action - Sam Carana
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/comprehensive-plan-of-action.html
see also:
https://coolsymbol.com/

5. Wedges and proposed remediation methods

1. Climate ChangeCDR: biochar, carbon air capture, enhanced weathering, algae bags, EVs, renewable energy, clean cooking & heating, LEDs, etc.
SRM: surface and cloud brightening, release of aerosols
AMM: methane capture, release of oxygen and diatoms, wetland management, river diversion, EMD (enhanced methane decomposition)
2. Ocean acidificationenhanced weathering
3. Stratospheric ozone depletionoxygen release
4. Nitrogen & Phosphorus Cyclesalgae bags, biochar, enhanced weathering
5. Global freshwater usedesalination, biochar, enhanced weathering
6. Change in land usedesalination, biochar, enhanced weathering
7. Biodiversity lossdesalination, biochar, enhanced weathering
8. Atmospheric aerosol loadingbiochar, EVs, renewable energy, clean cooking & heating, LEDs, etc. 
9. Chemical pollutionrecycling, waste management (separation)

From: Policy proposals to most effectively shift towards a more sustainable economy
http://sustainable-economy.blogspot.com/p/proposals-to-most-effectively-shift.html
and
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/policies.html

6. Keywords and phrases

Biochar  -  Biochar
Biomass  -  Biomass
Carbon Air Capture, Algae Bags  -  Carbon Air Capture and Algae Bags
Carbon-negative building  -  Carbon-negative building
Desalination  -  Desalination
Diatoms  -  Wetland management and release of diatoms
Enhanced weathering  -  Enhanced weathering
Ozone  -  Ozone hole recovery

From: Policy proposals to most effectively shift towards a more sustainable economy 

7. Links to Tools

• GIFs to MP4
http://gif-2-mp4.com

• conversion of measurements
http://www.convert-me.com/en/

• edit images
http://pixlr.com

• bend text
http://www.ezimba.com/index-ln.html#top

• symbols
https://coolsymbol.com
https://emojipedia.org/symbols

• convert from capitals to lower case, character count, word count, etc.
https://convertcase.net

• superscript generator
https://lingojam.com/SuperscriptGenerator
http://math.typeit.org

• word count, etc.
https://wordcounter.net
https://wordcounttools.com

• strip HTML and formatting from text
https://www.striphtml.com
http://www.textcleanr.com

• animations
http://www.myspacegens.com/handler.php?gen=animatedimage&p=view

• image maps
http://www.image-maps.com


8. Links to Key Policy Posts

Climate Plan
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/climateplan.html
http://climateplan.blogspot.com

The Threat
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/threat.html
http://biochareconomy.blogspot.com/2015/06/extinction-within-decades.html

The Mechanism
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/the-mechanism.html

Feedbacks
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/feedbacks.html

Action
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/action.html

Policies
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/policies.html

Feebates
http://feebates.blogspot.com/p/feebates.html

Support
http://feebates.blogspot.com/p/support.html

The Duty To Act
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2015/07/arctic-sea-ice-collapse-threatens.html

The way back to 280 ppm

A. Protocols, standards and deposit programs
A national bottle recycling bill
Green Refrigerators and Air Conditioners

B. Fees on nitrogen fertilizers and livestock products, funding biochar
Biochar
Afforestation - bringing life into the deserts
Save the Rainforest
Fees on Livestock to fund Biochar

C. Clean energy through fees on burning fuel, with revenues funding clean local energy programs
Electric Vehicles - Frequently Asked Questions
SuperB Grid

D. Geoengineering
The Threat of Methane Release from Permafrost and Clathrates
Funding of Carbon Air Capture
Open letter on Arctic sea ice loss
https://www.facebook.com/groups/geoengineering
http://geo-engineering.blogspot.com

E. Organic waste handling standards
Algae Bags

——>
Feebate policies
Feebates
Proposals to most effectively shift to a more sustainable economy
http://sustainable-economy.blogspot.com/2011/09/towards-sustainable-economy.html

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